i–①in his book the tipping point, malcolm gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected.
马尔科姆·格拉德威尔在其《引爆点》一书中提出，“社会盛行潮”在很大程度上由很少量异乎寻常的 自个的行为所推进，这些人一般被称为“有影响力人士”，他们或才智非常广博、或很有说服力，或人 脉极广。
i–②the idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.
这一观念虽直觉上令人服气，但未能说明观念实践上如何传达。
ii–①the supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the “two-step flow of communication” : information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.
有影响力人士的所谓重要性源于一个形似合理、但很大程度上未经证明的被称作“两级活动传达”的理论；信息从媒体流向有影响力人士，再从他们流向其他一切人。
ii–②marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them.
推广人员现已怅然承受这种两级活动，因为该理论认为，他们只需可以找到有影响力人士并对其施加影 响，这些精挑细选出来的我们就可认为他们结束大有些作业。
ii–③the theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods.
该理论如同也说明了某些时式、品牌或地段俄然出其不料地大受等待的缘由。
ii–④in many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.
在许多此类景象中，大概查询其缘由会发现，的确有一小有些人在其他一切人留心之前，就首先穿戴、 推广或开发各类东西。
ii–⑤anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea t
hat only certain special people can drive trends.
这种轶事根据与“只需某些特另外人才干推进潮流”的观念高度契合。
iii–①in their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.
可是，一些研讨人员在近期研讨中得出结论：有影响力人士对社会盛行潮的影响远比我们一般认为的要 小得多。
iii–②in fact, they don’t seem to be required at all.
实际上，他们如同根柢不是（社会盛行潮）所必需的。
iv–①the researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: with the exception of a few celebrities like oprah winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others.
研讨人员的观念根据对社会影响的一项简略调查；除了像奥普拉?温弗瑞这样的单个名人她的特别影响力首要是媒体影响而非人际影响的作用。即就是一个集体中最具影响力的人也根柢不会与那么多的人交 往。
iv–②yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.
而根据两级活动理论，恰恰是这些非名人有影响力人士经过直接影响他们的兄弟和火伴，推进了社会盛行潮。
iv–③for a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.
可是，一种社会盛行潮要构成，每个这样遭到有影响力人士影响的人都有必要接着影响自个的熟人，这些 熟人又有必要相同地影响他们的熟人，并顺次影响下去；这些人中的每自个能得到多少人重视与开始的有 影响力人士并无多大联络。
iv–④if people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.
例如，假若此“人际影响网络”中与开始有影响力人士仅相隔两个层级的我们体现出（对这种影响的）无动于衷，那么改变的“瀑布流”就不会传达得太远，或许影响许多人。
v–①building on this basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.
以这个关于人际影响的根柢实际为基础，研讨人员经过对人群进行许多次的核算机仿照、对与我们影响别人的才能以及被别人影响的倾向有关的若干变量进行操作分析，研讨社会影响的动态。
v–②they found that the principal requirement for what is called “global cascades” —the widespread propagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.
他们发现，所谓的“全球瀑布流”——某种影响经由“交际网络”的广泛传达构成的首要条件并不是少量几个有影响力人士的存在，而是许多必不可以少的易受影响人士的参加。
31.by citing the book the tipping point, the author intends to?
31.经过引证《引爆点》一书，作者意在
[a].analyze the consequences of social epidemics.?
[a].分析社会盛行潮的成果
[b].discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas.?
[b].谈论有影响力人士在传达观念中的 作用
[c].exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics.?
[c].例子我们对社会盛行潮的直觉反应
[d].describe the essential characteristics of influentials.?
[d].描绘有影响力人士的根柢特征
32.the author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”?
32.作者暗示“两级活动理论”
[a].serves as a solution to marketing problems.?
[a].可作为处置推广疑问的办法
[b].has helped explain certain prevalent trends.?
[b].现已有助于说明某些盛行趋势
[c].has won support from influentials.?
[c].赢得了来自有影响力人士的撑持
[d].requires solid evidence for its validity?
[d].需要可靠的根据来证明其有用性
33.what the researchers have observed recently shows that?
33.研讨人员近期的调查标明
[a].the power of influence goes with social interactions.?
[a].影响力伴随社会交游而发生
[b].interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media.?
[b].人际联络可经过媒体得到加强
[c].influentials have more channels to reach the public.?
[c].有影响力人士与大众交流的途径更 多
[d].most celebrities enjoy wide media attention.?
[d].大大都名人享有媒体的广泛重视
34.the underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who
34.第四段标下划线短语these people 指那些___的人
[a].stay outside the network of social influence.?
[a].处于“社会影响网络”之外
[b].have little contact with the source of influence.?
[b].与影响源很少触摸
[c].are influenced and then influence others.?
[c].遭到影响，继而影响别人
[d].are influenced by the initial influential.?
[d].遭到开始有影响力人士的影响
35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?
35.社会影响的动态改变中，最根柢的要素是啥？
[a].the eagerness to be accepted.?
[a].获得接收的盼望
[b].the impulse to influence others.?
[b].影响别人的激动
[c].the readiness to be influenced.?
[c].受人影响的自愿
[d].the inclination to rely on others.?
[d].依靠别人的倾向