passage4注解：标题为红色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。????????the most thoroughly(完全地，极度地) studied intellectuals in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century new england. according to the standard history of american philosophy, nowhere else in colonial america was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.” according to many books and articles, new england’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant puritan tradition in american intellectual life.
????????to take this approach to(to take this approach to对…采取这种方法) the new englanders normally means to start with the puritans’ theological(神学的，神学上的)? innovations and their distinctive(独特的，与众不同的) ideas about the church important subjects that we may not neglect. but in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original puritans as carriers of european culture, adjusting to new world circumstances. the new england colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility(礼貌；礼仪) and virtuosity(精湛技巧；对艺术品的爱好；).
????????the early settlers of massachusetts bay included men of impressive education and influence in england. besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like john winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official(这里指大臣，官员) of the crown(王位) before he journeyed to boston. these men wrote and published extensively, reaching both new world and old world audiences, and giving new england an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.
????????we should not forget, however, that most new englanders were less well educated. while few crafts(手工) men or farmers, let alone(let alone更不用说,用于表示某事物更加不可能或不适用，通常用于比较两个事物的程度。)? dependents(侍从) and servants(仆人), left literary compositions(成分,(音乐,艺术,诗歌的)作品(取这个意思)) to be analyzed, their thinking often had a traditional superstitious(迷信的,没有充分根据的) quality. a tailor named john dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving england that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope-all name together in a decisive(decisive至关重要的) moment when he opened the bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate(命运), and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and i will be your god and you shall be my people.” one wonders what dane thought of the careful sermons(说教,布道辞) explaining the bible that he heard in puritan churches.
????????meanwhile, many settles had slighter(slight轻微的，少量的) religious commitments(commitment承诺,信仰) than dane’s, as one clergyman(牧师,教士) learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked(mock嘲笑(文章取这个意思),模仿) that they had not come to the new world for religion. “our main end(目的) was to catch fish.”
一、文章结构分析本文是议论文。
文章主要论述了新英格兰教长和政治领袖在美国智力生活、欧洲文化发展和神学变革中所起的作用，以及大部分没有受到良好教育的新英格兰人的迷信色彩表现。
36. the author notes that in the seventeenth-century new england_________.
[a] puritan tradition dominated political life
[b] intellectual interests were encouraged
[c] politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors
[d] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment
36.作者提到在18世纪新英格兰。
【a】清教徒的传统支配着政治生活
【b】知识分子的兴趣被鼓励
【c】政治从知识分子的努力受益不少
【d】智力修养享受一种自由的环境
37. it is suggested in paragraph 2 that new englanders________.
[a] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history
[b] brought with them the culture of the old world
[c] paid little attention to southern intellectual life
[d] were obsessed with religious innovations
37.在第二段暗示了新英格兰人。
【a】经历了一个相对和平的早期历史
【b】带有些旧世界的文化
【c】对南方知识分子的生活关注较少
【d】被宗教创新所缠绕
38. the early ministers and political leaders in massachusetts bay________.
[a] were famous in the new world for their writings
[b] gained increasing importance in religious affairs
[c] abandoned high positions before coming to the new world
[d] created a new intellectual atmosphere in new england
38.在马塞诸塞海湾早期的达成和政治领导者。
【a】在新世界以他们的作品而文明
【b】在宗教事务中获得了越来越多的重要性
【c】在来到新界2前，放弃了高职位
【d】在新英格兰创造了一个新的知识氛围
39. the story of john dane shows that less well-educated new englanders were often _____.
[a] influenced by superstitions
[b] troubled with religious beliefs
[c] puzzled by chu
rch sermons
[d] frustrated with family earnings
39.john dane的故事显示了缺少文化的新英格兰人经常是。
【a】受迷信的影响
【b】带有宗教信仰的困惑
【c】被教堂的布道所迷惑
【d】由于家庭收入而沮丧
40. the text suggests that early settlers in new england________.
[a] were mostly engaged in political activities
[b] were motivated by an illusory prospect
[c] came from different intellectual backgrounds
[d] left few formal records for later reference
40.文章暗示了早期在新英格兰定居者。
【a】大部分从事政治活动
【b】被一种虚幻的前景所激励
【c】来自不同的知识背景
【d】对于后来的参考资料留下少量的正式记录
二、核心词汇与超纲词汇1. intellectual n. 知识分子adj. 智力的，显示智力的
2. preoccupation n. 当务之急；抢先占据
3. theological adj. 神学的；神学性质的
4. civility n. 文明，文化
5. virtuosity n. 艺术鉴别力；艺术上的精湛技巧
6. sermon n. 训诫，说教，布道
7. mock v. 嘲笑；模仿；戏弄
三、阅读答案：b b d a c四、全文翻译：?????????在新世界历史中被研究的最透彻的知识分子就是 17 世纪新英格兰的那些教长和政治领袖们。根据美国哲学标准历史，殖民地美国没有任何其他地方比新英格兰更重视对知识和文化的追求。根据大量书籍文章记载，新英格兰的领导者们为在美国智力生活中逐渐占据统治地位的清教徒传统确立了基本主题并抢先占据了位置。
????????从这种视角来研究新英格兰人通常意味着要从清教徒的神学变革和他们对我们不能忽视的教会重要课题的独特见解开始。但是正好符合我们对南部智力生活的研究，我们可以把原始的清教徒看作是欧洲文化适应新世界环境的载体。新英格兰殖民地在追求广泛理解的文明和情操的剧集中上演了重要的几幕。
????????马萨诸塞湾的早期定居者中包括一些在英格兰受过很好的教育并且很有影响力的人物。除了 90 多位在 1629 年之后的十年内来到马萨诸塞教会的学识渊博的教长之外，还有像 john winthrop 这样的政治领袖。john 不仅是一个受过良好教育的绅士，律师，在他来到波士顿之前他还是国王的大臣。这些人大量的写作，出版著作，这些著作在新旧两个世界的读者群中传阅，为新英格兰营造了一种热衷才智的氛围。
????????? 然而，我们不要忘记大多数的新英格兰居民并没有受到过那么好的教育。很少有手工业者或是农民留下任何的文字资料可供我们分析，更不用说侍从和仆人了。很明显他们的观点并没有完全地在知识领域中被反映出来。这些人的思维经常充满着传统的迷信色彩。一个名叫 john dane 的裁缝于 17 世纪 30年代晚期移民至此，留下了一些文字记录他离开英格兰的原因，而这些文字就充满了这样的征兆。性困惑、经济受挫、宗教希望这些都在那个关键时刻汇集到了一起：他打开圣经，并且告诉他的父亲他看到的第一行字将决定他的命运，然后他就读出了那句充满魔力的句子：“从他们中间走出来，不要触碰任何不干净的东西，我将是你们的上帝，而你们将成为我的子民。”人们都很好奇当 dane 在清教徒教会中听到这些严谨的福音宣讲时到底在想些什么。
????????与此同时，很多人就没有像 dane 那样坚定的宗教信仰了。正如一个牧师在海边与人相遇时所获知的那样，那人以嘲笑的口吻说到他们并不是为了宗教信仰而来到新世界的。“我们最主要的目的是捕鱼。”那个人说到。