passage3
注解：标题为赤色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。? ? ? ??①when a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.②with regard to futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever futurist poetry may be-even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right-it can hardly be classed as literature.
? ? ? ? ①this, in brief, is what the futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed.②
consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change.③this speeding up of life, says the futurist, requires a new form of expression.④ we must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress.⑤we must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.⑥ instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.
? ? ? ??①certainly their descriptions of battles are confused.②but it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a turkish and a bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river -and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers:
? ? ? ? ?①this, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as literature.②all the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.③the whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?
[334 words]
一、文章规划分析
? ? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? ?这是一篇关于将来派诗歌这种新文学方法的文学谈论。文章介绍了将来派诗歌的观念，并对其进行批判，指出很难将其归入文学领域。文章为总-分-总的规划。
? ? ? ? ?第一段：提出全文主旨：即便
招认将来派诗歌的理论根据，也很难将它视为文学作品。
? ? ? ?? 第二段：论说将来派诗歌的观念。
? ? ? ? ?第三段：以一首描绘战争的诗歌为例，指出将来派诗歌描绘的凌乱无章。第四段：照顾首段，再次重申将来派诗歌很难被归于文学作品这一主旨。
19. this passage is mainly.
[a]a survey of new approaches to art
[b]a review of futurist poetry
[c] about merits of the futurist movement
[d] about laws and requirements of literature
19.这篇文章首要是。
[a]对艺术新办法的概观
[b]对将来派诗歌的谈论
[c]有关将来派运动的利益
[d]有关文学的规则和需求
20. when a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.
[a] determine its purposes
[b] ignore its flaws
[c] follow the new fashions
[d] accept the principles
20.当新的文学观念呈现时，我们大约尽力去。
[a]断定其意图
[b]无视其缺陷
[c]跟从这些新风气
[d]承受其原则
21. futurists claim that we must.
[a] increase the production of literature
[b] use poetry to relieve modern stress
[c] develop new modes of expression
[d] avoid using adjectives and verbs
21.将来主义者声称咱们有必要。
[a]加大文学作品的创造数量
[b]用诗歌来减轻现代的压力
[c]构成新的表达方法
[d]避免运用描述词和动词
22. the author believes that futurist poetry is.
[a] based on reasonable principles
[b] new and acceptable to ordinary people
[c]indicative of a basic change in human nature
[d] more of a transient phenomenon than literature
22.作者认为将来主义门户诗歌是。
[a]根据合理的原则
[b]对一般人来说是重生的、可承受的事物
[c]闪现出人道的根柢改变
[d]与其说是文学，不如说是一种暂时的表象
二、中心词汇与超纲词汇
中心词汇：①.at will
whenever or wherever you like 任意，随意
例：they were able to come and go at will.他们可以往来不断安适。
②.class?n.vt.*[常用被逼态]to think or decide that sb/sth is a particular type of person or thing把…….看作或分类、归类（用class?sb/sth as sth）
? ?例：immigrant workers were classed as aliens.移民来的工人已归入侨民类。
n.1.[c]品种，品种，（质量）等级
例：it was good accommodation for a hotel of this class.就这种层次的旅馆来说，住宿条件算是不错了。
/different classes of drugs不一样品种的毒品
2.[u]an elegant quality or a high level of skill that is impressive 典雅，典雅，高超
例：
she has class all right-she looks like a model.她的确风味娴雅，看上去像模特儿相同。
a.[仅用于名词前]（技能、个性等）极好的，优良的
例：a class player/performer优良的选手/扮演者
③.consequently
adv.? as a result；
therefore因而，所以；
consequent a.作为成果的，随之发生的；
consequencen.成果，成果，影响，重要性
④.corresponding?
a.matching or connected with sth one has just mentioned契合的，相应的，有相关的（后跟介词to）
例：a change in the money supply brings a corresponding change in expenditure.钱银供给量的改动随疾萋使开支的相应改动。
correspondv.相共同，契合；类似于，恰当于
⑤.farfetched
a.牵强的
例：a farfetched analogy/excuse牵强的类似/托言；
类似的词还有：far-famed闻名的，威名远播的，farsighted有远见的
⑥.fulfil
vt.to do or achieve what was hoped for or expected 完成（期望等）
例：to fulfill your ambition/potential 完成志向/发扬潜力
*2.to do or have what is required or necessary实施，实施；契合，具有（需求的或必备的条件）
例：to fulfill a duty/all the criteria 实施责任/契合一切标准
3.to make sb feel happy and satisfied with what they are doing or have done（所做的事）使高兴，使满足（用fulfill sb/oneself）
例：i need a job that really fulfills me.我需要一份真实令我感到满足的作业。
⑦.propositon?
n.[c]
1.a statement that consists of a carefully considered opinion or judgment主张，观念，见地例：marx accepted several of the key propositions developed by adam smith.马克思采用了亚当·史密论说的几个首要观念。
2.an offer or suggestion（尤指商业、政治上的）提议，主张
例：we have a proposition to make.咱们有个主张要提。
propose v.提议，主张；提名，举荐；求婚；proposal n.主张，提议；求婚
⑧.unhampered a.不受阻止的，不受捆绑的；
hamper v.阻止，阻止，控制
三、阅览答案：c?d b a
四、全文翻译：
? ? ???当一场新的艺术运动构成某种风气时，正确的做法是弄清其建议者的意图地址，因为不管他们的观念在今日看来是多么牵强附会、多么不凶咴思议，将来都有可以被视为是正常的。（句式1）可是，就将来派诗歌而言，情况却比照凌乱，因为不管将来派诗歌为何物，即便招认其理论根据可以正确，也很难将它归入文学。（句式2）
? ? ? ?简而言之，将来派诗人这样声称：一个世纪以来，曩昔的日子情况一向在有条件地飞速改变；如今，咱们日子在一个充溢着喧器、暴力和快节奏的世界之中。因而，咱们的豪情、思维和心境都发生了相应的改变。将来派诗人声称，这种加速的日子节奏需要一种新的表达方法。假定咱们想诠释现代日子的压力，就有必要加速文学打开的脚步。咱们有必要许多运用根柢词汇，脱节句号、润饰性描述词及限制动词的纠缠。咱们不是要描绘声响，而是有必要造出仿照声响的词语；咱们有必要在同一张纸上运用不一样类型的字体和不一样颜色的墨水，任意缩短或加长词语。
? ? ? ?毫无疑问，他们对战争的描绘会令人隐晦。可是读到一句描绘战争的诗行的注解时，则更令人生厌。注解中说该诗描绘了一名土耳其军官和一名保加利亚军官在一座桥上发生了奋斗，成果双双从桥上掉进河中—一后来发现这一行诗文是由军官落水的声响和他们的体重构成的：“扑通！扑通！一百8十五公斤。”（句式3）
? ? ? ?尽管这种写法契合将来派诗歌的规则和需求，可是却很难被归入文学之列。相同，任何一个有思维的人都不会回绝承受他们的根柢主张：情感日子的无量改变需求表达方法也随之改变。但实践疑问是：咱们发生了根柢的改变吗？