3）增词法
英汉两种语言由于表达方式不同，翻译时常常需要在译文的词量上作适当的增加，从而使译文既能忠实地表达原文内容，又能符合汉语的表达习惯。一般增词是出于语法、意义或修辞上的需要。通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。例如:
what about calling him right away?
马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语）
if only i could see the realization of the four modernizations.
要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句）
but they knew life, its foulness as well as its fairness, its greatness in spite of the slime that infested it.（增译动词）
然而他们懂得生活，懂得生活里的美，懂得生活里的丑，懂得生活是伟大的，尽管生活里多是泥沼。
we need clean air, but unfortunately, air pollution is generally present, especially in cities.
我们需要清新的空气，但遗憾的是，空气污染普遍存在，在城市中尤其如此。[分析] 本句为了避免“尤其是在城市里”的表达不完整，增加了“如此”。
4）减词法
这是与增词法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合汉语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词。由于英语和汉语在用词和语法结构上的差异，原文中的某些词如果直译出来会使译文显得累赘，不符合汉语的表达习惯。在这种情况下，一些冠词、代词、介词或连词等就要省去不译，但是不能影响原文的意义表达。例如:
you will be staying in this hotel during your visit in beijing.
你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。（省译物主代词）
there was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.
天未下雪，但叶落草枯。
[分析] 在汉语中“叶落”的概念非常清楚，所以省译了from the trees。
to learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned is even harder.
学习不容易，使用更加不容易。（省译名词从句）
5）切分法
① 单词分译
at present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.
现在人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为它安全，不着风险。
② 短语分译
they were very frank and can did with each other in a relaxed way.
他们互相直言不讳，但是气氛却很轻松。
③ 句子分译
in 1921 his mother’s death was closely followed by that of his three-year-old daughter.
1921年，他的母亲去世，紧接着他三岁的女儿也死去。
6） 合并法
she is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. she is also good at solving problems. 她很有才智，雄心勃勃，工作努力，还善于解决问题。
7） 重复法
为了忠实于原文，反复使用某些词语。其作用是:使句义明确、突出强调重复的词语以及使句子更为生动。
ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.
无知是羡慕的根源，也是恐惧的根源。
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