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text 2168
草原田鼠面临的恋爱引诱(上)
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this is scientific american’s 60-second science, i’m ashleigh papp.monogamy in animals…and let’s be honest, in humans too…is a funny thing.only a few animal species have been lumped into the one-partner-for-life category, and even then, there are exceptions to those rules.prairie voles are furry little rodents that live throughout north america.they’re a particularly interesting species because they form lifelong partnerships.annaliese beery, a behavioral neuroscientist with smith college in massachusetts and the university of california at berkeley, studies vole monogamy in the wild and in the lab.so i would define monogamy as a formation of a lasting partnership or a social relationship between mates.social relationships are very important for human biology and prairie voles are one of the only species that are studied in the lab that exhibit this trait.
译文
这儿是科学美国人——60秒科学系列，我是阿什利·帕普。动物的一夫一妻制，厚道说，人类的一夫一妻制也很风趣。只需少量动物物种被归为终身伴侣品种，即便如此，这些规则也有破例。草原田鼠是一种毛烘烘的小型啮齿动物，日子在北美各地。它们是一种特别风趣的物种，因为它们会构成终身伴侣联络。马萨诸塞州史密斯学院和加州大学伯克利分校的行为神经学家安娜莉丝·比里在户外和实验室中研讨田鼠的一夫一妻制。所以我将一夫一妻拟界说为一种耐久的伴侣联络或爱人之间的社会联络。社会联络对人类的生物学来说非常重要，而草原田鼠是实验室中仅有的体现出这一特征的物种之一。
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monogamy is fairly rare in rodents, and it’s also unusual for rodents to form lasting social relationships of any kind.we already know about some things that support monogamy in the wild—like when mates are scarce and it makes sense to hold onto the one you’re with, or when both sexes stick around to raise their young.but so far, there isn’t one clear explanation as to why or how animals opt for only one partner.whatever the reasons, staying monogamous requires effort from both sides.to better understand how lifelong bonding works, beery and her team wanted to know if both male and female prairie voles make equal investments in making the long haul work.to find out, the researchers set up an experiment with three phases.in the first phase, they had to teach the prairie voles how to open a door controlled by a lever.it was actually really hard to get prairie voles to press a lever for a reward.and we had some voles who never learned the task, and they were not included in the study.we had other voles who learned to press the lever in non-typical ways.
译文
一夫一妻制在啮齿动物中是恰当稀有的，而且啮齿动物也不太可以构成任何方法的耐久社会联络。咱们现已晓
得到撑持户外一夫一妻制的一些作业，比方当爱人稀少时，捉住和你在一同的爱人是有意义的，或许当两性都坚持抚育他们的孩子时，这样做也是有意义的。但到当前中止，关于动物为啥或怎么只选择一个伴侣，还没有一个清楚的说明。不管是啥缘由，坚持一夫一妻制需要两边的尽力。为了非常好地了解终身的豪情枢纽是如何起作用的，比里和她的团队想要晓得，雄性和雌性草原田鼠在坚持长时刻的豪情联络方面是不是都有平等的投入。为了找到答案，研讨人员设置了一个分为三个期间的实验。在第一期间，他们有必要教草原田鼠如何翻开一扇由杠杆控制的门。实践上，要让草原田鼠按下杠杆获得奖赏对错常困难的。咱们有一些田鼠历来没有学会过这项使命，它们没有被包括在这项研讨中。其他田鼠学会了以非典型的方法按杠杆。
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one female liked to sit on the lever in order to activate it.and then one day, something clicked and she turned around and started pressing it with her paw and getting the food pellet in the ordinary way.the team built on that skill by associating the lever pressing with a door opening.in phase two, there were two doors, controlled by two different levers.one of the doors led to a cushy rodent pad complete with wood shavings, fresh produce and even cheerios, while the other led to a shallow pool of water.the voles could distinguish between two doors, two levers, and two different outcomes.and ultimately, both the males and females overwhelmingly pressed the lever that took them into the cushy chamber over the water torture.in phase 3, they took a quick break from the lever pressing and introduced each vole to a member of the opposite sex.the two voles got 48 hours to bond and grow fond…and then the lever pressing resumed.each of the trained voles were given the option of two levers and two doors again.but this time, one of the doors led to their partner and the other led to a new member of the opposite sex.
译文
一只雌性田鼠喜爱坐在杠杆上，以建议它。然后有一天，有个东西咔哒一动态了起来，她转过身来，初步用爪子按它，然后就像往常相同得到了食物团子。该团队经过将按压杠杆与翻开门联络起来树立了这项技能。在第二期间，有由两个不一样的杠杆控制的两扇门。其间一扇门通向一个舒畅的啮齿类动物垫子，上面有木屑、新鲜农产品，甚至还有脆谷乐，而另一扇门通向一个浅水池。田鼠可以区别两扇门、两根杠杆和两种不一样的成果。究竟，雄性和雌性都以压倒性的优势按下了把它们带进舒畅房间的杠杆，而让它们遭到落水浪费的房间。在第三期间，他们在按压杠杆的进程中稍事歇息，然后将每只田鼠介绍给异性田鼠。两只田鼠有48小时的时刻来培育豪情，然后持续按杠杆。每只经过练习的田鼠又有两根杠杆和两扇门可供选择。但这一次，一扇门通向他们的伴侣，另一扇门通向一个新的异性伴侣。回来搜狐，查看更多
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