38期多样化疲倦~~考研英语题源外刊赏析

ii ①in his new book “driven by difference: how great companies fuel innovation through diversity”, david livermore says that one reason for this is that talk of diversity often comes accompanied with a faint air of menace. ②managers are dragooned into sitting through lengthy seminars on equal opportunities. ③they are fearful of saying anything that departs from the “correct” line on any diversity-related matter. ④and they feel under pressure to hit their recruitment quotas. ⑤the more important reason, however, is that proponents of diversity often fail to acknowledge that there can be a trade-off: to get the benefits, employers must be prepared for, and deal with, some problems. ⑥diversity does not produce better results automatically, through a sort of multicultural magic. ⑦it does so only if it is managed well.

iii ①the biggest challenge is to do with trust. ②employees need to trust each other if they are to produce their best work. ③this is particularly true if that work involves tackling creative projects that have a high risk of failure and a circuitous path to success. ④but it is easier to establish trust with those you have a lot in common with.

iv ①a second challenge is to do with culture. ②too many companies fail to rethink their management styles as they open their doors to new groups. ③they issue ambiguous instructions which presume that everyone comes from the same background. ④for example, one western company urged its employees to “act like an owner” without realising that, in some cultures, acting like an owner means playing golf all day.

v ①your columnist would add a third challenge: distinguishing between genuine cultural diversity and the box-ticking sort. ②it is easy for companies to think that they have embraced diversity if they appoint the right number of people with the right biological characteristics. ③that can be hollow if they all come from the same backgrounds—if, say, all the black people a firm promotes to management are harvard-educated sons of diplomats.

vi ①the growing diversity of the workforce should be a cause for celebration. ②getting rid of discrimination against minorities represents a triumph for natural justice as well as a chance to make society as a whole stronger. ③but the celebration needs to be mixed with hard work and clear thinking.

【词汇短语】
1.pay lip service to 耍嘴皮子，口头撑持
2.fatigue [f?’ti?g] n. 疲倦
3.menace [‘men?s] n. 挟制；威吓
4.*dragoon [dr?’gu?n] v. 强行；以武力虐待
5.seminar [‘sem?nɑ?] n. 谈论会，研讨班
6.recruitment [r?’kru?tm(?)nt] n. 招募，招聘
7.quota [‘kw??t?] n. 配额；定额；限额
8.trade-off [‘treid?f] n. 让步; 交流
9.tackle [‘t?k(?)l] v. 处置
10.cirtuitous [s??’kju??t?s] a. 迂曲的；绕行的
11.ambiguous [?m’b?gj??s] a. 迷糊不清的；致使歧义的
12.columnist [‘k?l?m(n)?st] n. 专栏作家
13.genuine [‘d?enj??n] a. 真实的，真实的
14.box-ticking n. 走过场
15.hollow [‘h?

l??] a. 空泛的; 没有价值的
（标*号为超纲词）

【翻译点评】

i ①ronald reagon once said that “the nine most terrifying words in the english language are, ‘i’m from the government and i’m here to help’.” ②today they are run a close second by 12 words: “i’m from human resources and i’m here to organise a diversity workshop.” ③most people pay lip service to diversity in public. ④but what they think in private can be very different. ⑤some hr consultants have even started to worry about “diversity fatigue”.
翻译：里根早年说过：“英语里最让人惧怕的几个字就是‘我是政府的人，我是来协助的’。”今日这句话可以要让位于“我是人力本钱的，我是来组织多样化作业小组的”。许多人在揭露场合口口声声撑持多样化，但私下可以完全不这么想。一些人力本钱参谋甚至初步担忧“多样化疲倦”表象
点评：这篇文章可分为四大有些，第一有些为第一段引入全文谈论论题；第二有些为第二段，介绍多样化疲倦的来由；第三有些为第三至五段，罗列公司在职工部队多样化进程中面临的三大应战；第四有些即第六段，总结全文，阐明多样化发扬作用的条件。第一段借里根讲话引入论题：多样化疲倦。①②句由美国总统里根讲话类推人力本钱讲话，将公司职工多样化与政府类推，阐明多样化存在疑问。①句以里根讲话开篇，介绍崇奉新安适主义的里根关于政府作用的否定。里根用most terrifying润饰政府试图发扬作用的试图，杰出标明其对政府的极点不信赖，语带诙谐讥讽，招引读者留心。②句仿照里根讲话造句，阐明多样化作业小组现已替代了政府的方位，夸大阐明多样化的负面形象。其间a close second阐明多样化尽管跨越政府，但二者间隔不大。“diversity workshop”引出文章论题，其间diversity，意为“the diversity of something is the fact that it contains many very different elements”,多样性，多样化，润饰workshop阐明职工构成呈种族、性别等多样化特征。两句中once said和today…are标明今昔比照，偏重如今多样化的打开现状。③④⑤句进一步说明公司职工关于多样化的情绪，并指出中心疑问：多样化疲倦。③④句比照职工在揭露场合（in public）和私下（in private）关于多样化的不一样情绪，凸显多样化的疑问。其间most people阐明这一疑问的广泛性，pay lip service意为口惠而实不至，标明多样化沦为一种口头功夫。⑤句则进一步（even）指出一些人力本钱参谋的担忧：多样化疲倦。“fatigue”，意为“you can say that people are suffering from a particular kind of fatigue when they have been doing something for a long time and feel they can no longer continue to do it”疲倦，暗示过火宣传多样化致使我们对其发生厌烦甚至厌厌烦理。

ii ①in his new book “driven by difference: how great companies fuel innovation through diversity”, david livermore says that one reason for this is that talk of diversity often comes accompanied with a faint air of menace. ②managers are dragooned into sitting through lengthy seminars on equal opportunities. ③they are fearful of saying anything that departs from the “correct” line on any diversity-related matter. ④and they feel under pressure to hit their recruitment quotas. ⑤the more important reason, however, is that proponents of diversity often fail to acknowledge that there can be a trade-off: to get the benefits, employers must be prepared for, and deal with, some problems. ⑥diversity does not produce better results automatically, through a sort of multicultural magic. ⑦it does so only if it is managed well.

翻译：livermore在新书《差异驱动——大公司如何经过多样化完成立异》中指出，其间一个缘由在于说到多样化一般带有一丝钳制意味。公司司理被逼参加绵长的对等机缘研讨会。谈论多样化有关论题时，他们忧虑说出任何违背“正确”价值观的话。他们还有招聘名额的压力。不过，更重要的缘由在于多样化的拥趸一般不会招认多样化有价值：为了得到多样化的优点，应聘者有必要预备优点置某些疑问。多样化不是只靠某种多文明魔法就能主动前进效益。只需打点稳当，才干抵达这种作用。
点评：第二段阐明发生多样化疲倦的缘由。①至④句引证别人观念阐明缘由之一；⑤⑥⑦句阐明缘由之二。两个句群由one reason和the more important reason联接。①句总起阐明缘由之一：多样化带有一些钳制的意味。②③④句具体阐明钳制意味：不只需开会，说话留心翼翼，而且还要招聘名额合格的压力。三句managers，they，they构成句群内部联接；dragoon，sit through，lengthy，fearful，under pressure等词一起阐明打点人员被逼参加缔造多样化职工部队的景象；③句“correct”引号标示标明作者关于这种政治正确的否定情绪。⑤⑥⑦句进而指出更为重要的缘由，however表转机意味，偏重以下所述内容为作者重视的要点：多样化有价值。⑤句some problems预示下文会对这些疑问进行分析。⑥⑦句继⑤句多样化的疑问指出多样化发扬作用的必要条件（only if）：公司好好打点。

iii ①the biggest challenge is to do with trust. ②employees need to trust each other if they are to produce their best work. ③this is particularly true if that work involves tackling creative projects that have a high risk of failure and a circuitous path to success. ④but it is easier to establish trust with those you have a lot in common with.

翻译：最大的应战在于信赖疑问。要想获得最佳的作业体现，职工有必要彼此信赖。假定作业内容触及失利风险高，成功难度大的构思工程，就更是如此。可是类似的人之间更简略树立信赖。
点评：第三至五段别离罗列多样化关于公司的三大应战。第三段介绍最大应战为信赖疑问。①句为期间主旨句，点明本段论说中心为多样化带来的信赖疑问。②③句退而指出职工之间彼此信赖的重要性。④句转而点出疑问要害，职工布景越类似越简略树立信赖，而多样化寻求的恰恰是职工布景的差异性，故而致使信赖疑问。

iv ①a second challenge is to do with culture. ②too many companies fail to rethink their management styles as they open their doors to new groups. ③they issue ambiguous instructions which presume that everyone comes from the same background. ④for example, one western company urged its employees to “act like an owner” without realising that, in some cultures, acting like an owner means playing golf all day.

翻译：第二大应战在于文明差异。太多公司在面临新的集体时没能调整打点个性。他们假定一切人都来自相同的背就连发布语焉不详的指示。例如，一家西方公司需求职工“像老板相同作业”，却没能知道到，在某些文明里，像老板相同作业意味着整天打高尔夫。
点评：第四段介绍第二大应战：文明差异。①句为期间主旨句，点明本段论说中心为多样化进程中的文明差异。②③④句具体阐明这一疑问。②句指出许多公司面临不一样文明布景的职工未能调整打点个性，其间too many偏重了这种疑问的广泛性。③句介绍这些公司发布的指令迷糊不清，且根据一个条件：一切人来自相同的文明布景。④句以西方公司的具体指令在某些文明下发生歧义为例子明③句。

v ①your columnist would add a third challenge: distinguishing between genuine cultural diversity and the box-ticking sort. ②it is easy for companies to think that they have embraced diversity if they appoint the right number of people with the right biological characteristics. ③that can be hollow if they all come from the same backgrounds—if, say, all the black people a firm promotes to management are harvard-educated sons of diplomats.

翻译：笔者还想弥补第三大应战：将真实的文明多样性与方法化的多样性差异开来。公司简略认为只需依照指定生理特征及人数比例接收职工，就完成了多样化。假定一切人布景相同——例如，一个公司招聘的一切黑人打点层都是哈佛布景的交际官之子——多样化就是徒有其表。
点评：第五段介绍第三大应战，也即作者的观念：要将真实的文明多样性和走过场的方法差异开来。①句为期间主旨句，总括本段内容。②③句说明阐明①句。②句it is easy标明公司寻求职工部队多样化的进程中简略呈现的倾向：机械依照肤色、种族、性别等生理特征招聘职工。③句以特例阐明方法上的多样化徒有其表，不会发扬作用。

vi ①the growing diversity of the workforce should be a cause for celebration. ②getting rid of discrimination against minorities represents a triumph for natural justice as well as a chance to make society as a whole stronger. ③but the celebration needs to be mixed with hard work and clear thinking.

翻译：职工日益多样化值得庆祝。消除对少量族群的轻视，不只代表着天然正义的成功，也可以让整个社会愈加健壮。可是庆祝的一起，还需尽力和清醒思考。
点评：第六段总结作者观念：多样化当然值得撑持，但还需联系真实的尽力和清醒的知道才干使其发扬作用。①②句必定职工构成日益多样化的打开现状，并指出缘由。①句should be标明作者的情绪。②句阐明作者持有这种情绪的缘由。getting rid of discrimination against minorities动名词作主语，回指①句the growing diversity，阐明多样化直接成果就是削减甚至消除对少量族群的轻视，接着进一步阐明其活泼影响：既是天然正义的成功，又有利于整个社会变成一个愈加健壮的全体。③句转而（but）指 挥多样化的作用的其他必要条件。其间needs to be标明必要性。